Abstract
The two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectricity in monolayer Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films of copolymer vinylidene fluoride with trifluoroethylene (PVDF/TrFE) is studied by optical second-harmonic generation (SHG). The SHG temperature dependences are studied in order to reveal the ferroelectric behaviour of the films. For the monolayer LB films of PVDF/TrFE, as well as for the multiplayer LB films, a wide hysteresis in the SHG intensity under heating and consequent cooling is observed. This hysteresis is attributed to the first-order ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition in the extreme case of literally 2D ferroelectric films. It is demonstrated that the main contribution to the nonlinear response of the LB films of PVDF/TrFE originates from fluctuations of the nonlinear polarization in inhomogeneous film structure.
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