Two-Week Exclusive Supplementation of Modified Ketogenic Nutrition Drink Reserves Lean Body Mass and Improves Blood Lipid Profile in Obese Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Hae-Ryeon Choi,Yoo Park,Hyojung Lim,Jinmin Kim

doi:10.3390/nu10121895

Abstract

The ketogenic diet has long been recommended in patients with neurological disorders, and its protective effects on the cardiovascular system are of growing research interest. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two-week of low-calorie ketogenic nutrition drinks in obese adults. Subjects were randomized to consume drinks either a ketone-to-non-ketone ratio of 4:1 (KD 4:1), a drink partially complemented with protein at 1.7:1 (KD 1.7:1), or a balanced nutrition drink (BD). Changes in body weight, body composition, blood lipid profile, and blood ketone bodies were investigated. Blood ketone bodies were induced and maintained in the group that consumed both 4:1 and 1.7:1 ketogenic drinks (p < 0.001). Body weight and body fat mass significantly declined in all groups between 0 and 1 week and between 1 and 2 weeks (p < 0.05), while skeletal muscle mass remained unchanged only in the KD 1.7:1 group (p > 0.05). The blood lipid profile improved, appetite was reduced, and fullness was maintained in the two ketogenic drink groups. This study indicates the possibility for the development of obesity treatments based on ketogenic nutrition drinks even with a moderate ketogenic ratio of 1.7:1, as well as adjuvant therapies based on ketosis induction and maintenance for the treatment of other diseases and health conditions.

Highlights

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 39% of the adult population is overweight, of which 13% is classified as obese [1]
Among the three groups of study participants, there were no significant differences in age, sex, weight, body water, protein, minerals, body weight, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL and HDL cholesterol (Table 2)
We evaluated three groups of subjects after two weeks of consuming of one of two ketogenic nutrition drinks with different ketogenic ratios or a balanced nutrition drink, all of which provided the same amount of energy below the daily energy requirement for weight loss

Summary

Introduction

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 39% of the adult population is overweight, of which 13% is classified as obese [1]. In Korea one out of three adults is obese, and the prevalence of obesity has increased steadily from 26.0% in 1998 to 34.8% in 2016 [2]. There has been keen interest in low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets, which strictly limit carbohydrate consumption and allow unlimited consumption of high-fat foods, such as pork belly, butter, and cheese, and their effectiveness in reducing weight and improving blood lipid profiles. High-fat diets had been believed to increase the risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease, and calorie-restricted, low-fat diets have been recommended for preventing and treating obesity [6]. The rate of fat intake has decreased steadily in the United States since the 1970s, the prevalence of obesity has continued to rise, leading many to question high fat intake as a risk

Objectives

Methods

Discussion

Conclusion