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Abstract
Energy storage systems (ESSs) are acknowledged to be a promising option to cope with issues in high penetration of renewable energy and guarantee a highly reliable power supply. In this paper, a two-step optimal allocation model is proposed to obtain the optimal allocation (location and size) of stationary ESSs (SESSs) and mobile ESSs (MESSs) in the resilient distribution networks (DNs). In the first step, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem is formulated to obtain the preselected location of ESSs with consideration of different scenarios under normal operation conditions. In the second step, a two-stage robust optimization model is established to get the optimal allocation results of ESSs under failure operation conditions which are solved by column-and-constraint generation (C&CG) algorithm. A hybrid ESS allocation strategy based on the subjective and objective weight analysis is proposed to give the final allocation scheme of SESSs and MESSs. Finally, the proposed two-step optimal allocation model is demonstrated on a modified IEEE 33-bus system to show its effectiveness and merits.
Highlights
ENERGY storage systems (ESSs) have been exploited for providing load shifting, voltage regulation, energy arbitrage, and other services to distribution networks (DNs)
In the second step, based on the candidate locations obtained in the first step, a two-stage robust optimization model is established to get the optimal allocation results under the failure operation condition of DNs, which is solved by the column-and-constraint genera‐ tion (C&CG) algorithm
3) The ESS installation locations that are close to the can‐ didate locations are given priority to install mobile energy storage systems (MESSs) in order to ensure that the optimal hybrid allocation results can meet the requirements of different scenarios in DNs
Summary
Manuscript received: December 28, 2020; accepted: May 26, 2021. Date of online publication: July 30, 2021. Y. Zhang is with the Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Agency for Sci‐ ence, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Uncertainty set of the fault state of distribution lines in the second-step allocation x
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