Abstract
For 3D beam access in massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems, this paper proposes a feasible two-stage 3D codebook design and corresponding fast beam training algorithm. The complete codebook consists of a primary codebook and an auxiliary codebook—the primary codebook produces a basic directional beam using a smaller number of phase shifts to maintain lower hardware complexity. The small auxiliary codebook creates finer beams centered on each main beam. In addition, a beam search scheme for two-level codebook design is proposed. The main beam search is performed using a modified binary search algorithm based on the signal-to-noise ratio threshold; with the refined auxiliary codebook, the auxiliary beam search is completed using a basic binary search. The simulation results verify the performance advantages of our proposed codebook in terms of beamforming gain and beam access accuracy in MIMO systems. In addition, the comparison of beam training complexity shows that our specially designed two-stage beam search scheme has significant advantages over other existing solutions.
Highlights
Recent years, in the field of mobile wireless communications, millimeter-wave communication has received extensive attention due to its extremely wide bandwidth spectrum resources and high transmission rate [1]
For 3D multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) beam access scenarios, we need a new codebook design and beam access method to significantly reduce access latency and ensure reliable communication
If we take the value of 2 dB below the upper limit as the threshold value, we can think that the beam search accuracy is about up to 94% and the codebook design and beam training algorithm proposed in this paper have better robustness
Summary
In the field of mobile wireless communications, millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) communication has received extensive attention due to its extremely wide bandwidth spectrum resources and high transmission rate [1]. The switching beamforming method is more practical and the most important problem in switched beamforming is the design of codebook and beam training algorithms to reduce beam search time and improve received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). [11] proposed a beam pattern synthesis method to synthesize a rectangular beam pattern Another solution based on two-dimensional antenna arrays is to use Hierarchical codebook [12], and the author of Reference [12] proposed a layered 3D codebook design, which can be well adapted to the 3D beam training algorithm proposed in the paper, and the traditional 3c and DFT codebooks are extended to 3D for comparison. We propose a new 3D beam access method, and with the codebook design we verify the robustness of codebooks and algorithms using different metrics such as search complexity, accuracy and cumulative beam gain.
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