Abstract
Nitrogen-doped carbon sponge-type nanostructures (N-CSTNs) containing coaxial multiwalled carbon nanotubes are synthesized at 1020 °C by using a modified chemical vapor deposition (CVD) arrangement. Here, the CVD reactor is supplied by two flows coming from two independent sprayers (called sprayer A and sprayer B). The nebulized material in each sprayer is transported by two different gases with different flow velocities. The synthesis of carbon N-CSTNs is performed using different precursors: sprayer A contains a solution composed of ethanol, thiophene and ferrocene, whereas sprayer B contains a solution of benzylamine, thiophene and ferrocene. Samples are classified according to the position inside the reactor and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Samples collected at the beginning of the reactor contain curly structures with diameters of 10–100 nm. At the end of the reactor, the sample is mainly formed by one type of structure. A spongy-type material is mainly formed in the hottest zone of the tubular furnace. The N-CSTNs are highly hydrophobic with oil sorption properties, which could be used for adsorption of oil spills.
Highlights
Nitrogen-doped carbon sponge-type nanostructures (N-CSTNs) containing coaxial multiwalled carbon nanotubes are synthesized at 1020 °C by using a modified chemical vapor deposition (CVD) arrangement
We believe that long carbon fibers (LCFs) are the most important component of the N-CSTNs
The LCFs are more frequently observed, but with slightly reduced diameters. These LCFs are accompanied by carbon tubular structures with small diameters and zigzagged-corrugated carbon nanotubes that are distributed throughout the entirety of sample S4 (Fig. SI-2d)
Summary
Nitrogen-doped carbon sponge-type nanostructures (N-CSTNs) containing coaxial multiwalled carbon nanotubes are synthesized at 1020 °C by using a modified chemical vapor deposition (CVD) arrangement. Cheng et al, fabricated hybrid flexible α-Fe2O3/carbon nanotube supercapacitors that presented porous hierarchical structures and high specific capacitances[6] In this case, the carbon sponges were synthesized by the method outlined by Gui et al. An interesting spongy carbon was fabricated by Barborini et al This spongy carbon was a three-dimensional, highly porous structure that consisted of fully connected sp[2] negatively curved networks[28] These three-dimensional networks were synthesized using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method in a one-step synthesis strategy[13,29,30,31,32], a hybrid CVD method on templates[33,34,35,36] or through electron beam irradiation at high temperatures[37,38]. We used an ethanol substance with a high oxygen inclusion in the synthesis that helps the benzylamine solution, which acts as a carbon and nitrogen precursor, interact with the iron coming from the ferrocene and thiophene for incorporation of sulfur
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