Two Red Sea Sponge Extracts (Negombata magnifica and Callyspongia siphonella) Induced Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activity

Hussein A El-Naggar,Islam Rady,Mansour A E Bashar,Sayed Bakry,Lamiaa M Abd El-Maoula,Fatimah O Al-Otibi,El-Sayed S Salem,Sara A Al-Rashed,Mohammad S El-Wetidy,Enas M H Attia,Waleed B Suleiman

doi:10.3390/app12031400

Hussein A El-Naggar, Islam Rady + Show 9 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031400

Copy DOI

Abstract

Bioactive compounds extracted from marine organisms showed several biological activities. The present study is an extension of our earlier studies where we assessed the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of ethanol, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, acetone, and chloroform crude extracts of sponges: Negombata magnifica (NmE) and Callyspongia siphonella (CsE) against cancer cells. Herein, we are extending our previous findings on both sponge species depending on an alternative methanol extraction method with more advanced molecular biochemical insights as additional proof for anticancer and antimicrobial activity of N. magnifica and C. siphonella. Therefore, sponge specimens were collected during winter 2020 from the Dahab region at the Gulf of Aqaba. Each sponge was macerated with methanol to obtain the crude extracts; NmE and CsE. GC–MS analysis presented a total of 117 chemical compounds; 37 bioactive, 11 represented previously as constituents for a natural organism, and 69 had no biological activities. NmE dose-dependently inhibited the growth of HepG2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 carcinoma cell lines compared to CsE, which unfortunately has no antiproliferative activity against the same cancer cells. NmE was found to induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cells with its inhibition for CDK6, Cyclins D1, and E1 in HepG2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 cells. NmE also activated ROS production in HepG2 cells and induced apoptosis in HepG2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 cells via an increase in pro-apoptotic protein Bax, caspase-3, and cleavage PARP, and a decrease in anti-apoptotic protein BCL2. Unlike its anticancer potential, CsE exhibited clear superior results as an antimicrobial agent with a wider range against six microbial strains, whereas NmE showed a positive antibacterial activity against only two strains.

Highlights

Marine species have had a lot of success in the last several years as a source of novel bioactive chemicals for medication development [1]
The collected sponges were identified to two species (Figure 1), as follows: 1- Finger-sponge (Negombata magnifica): It is a reddish-brown, narrow, crooked branched sponge, and lives between coral reefs and rocks. 2- Tube-sponge (Callyspongia siphonella): It is a cluster of vertical tubes with a common base that lives on sheltered, hard substrate
The results showed a noticeable antimicrobial activity against a wide range of the test organisms (Table 3)

Summary

Introduction

Marine species have had a lot of success in the last several years as a source of novel bioactive chemicals for medication development [1]. Since the middle of the twentieth century, several scientists have attempted to identify novel active chemicals from marine species [2]. The scientists have increasingly been focusing their marine studies on the deepwater [3], so it is reasonable to expect increases in the active chemicals extracted from deep-sea creatures [4]. The output of natural medical products from the oceans is greatly assisting the present study trend of natural drug discovery theory, as the seas have the most biological and chemical diversity of all our planet’s ecosystems [13,14]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion