Abstract
We report on the use of the Erbium-based luminescence thermometry to realize high resolution, three dimensional thermal imaging of optical waveguides. Proof of concept is demonstrated in a 980-nm laser pumped ultrafast laser inscribed waveguide in Er:Yb phosphate glass. Multi-photon microscopy images revealed the existence of well confined intra-waveguide temperature increments as large as 200 °C for moderate 980-nm pump powers of 120 mW. Numerical simulations and experimental data reveal that thermal loading can be substantially reduced if pump events are separated more than the characteristic thermal time that for the waveguides investigated is in the ms time scale.
Highlights
Optical waveguides (WGs) are building blocks in modern integrated photonics as they provide full control over light propagation in the micrometric scale in an analogous way that microwires do in electrical circuits [1]
We report on the use of the Erbium-based luminescence thermometry to realize high resolution, three dimensional thermal imaging of optical waveguides
Proof of concept is demonstrated in a 980-nm laser pumped ultrafast laser inscribed waveguide in Er:Yb phosphate glass
Summary
Optical waveguides (WGs) are building blocks in modern integrated photonics as they provide full control over light propagation in the micrometric scale in an analogous way that microwires do in electrical circuits [1]. In most of the cases, refractive index is temperature-dependent so that intra-waveguide heating could modify the refractive index of WG active volume and, the refractive index contrast This would lead to deterioration in the confinement ability of the optical WGs. In addition, the appearance of relevant thermal gradients in integrated photonic circuits could give place to the creation of no negligible stress fields that could affect both the performance and lifetime of those integrated circuits [5]. When combined with appropriate donor ions (such as Ytterbium), the thermal sensitive visible band of Erbium ions can be efficiently excited by infrared (980-nm) via a two-photon excitation process [12,13] This would provide the LT with a superior spatial resolution via multiphoton microscopy without requiring the use of confocal apertures, i.e. with an improved acquisition times and signal-to-noise ratio. Results have been compared to numerical simulations, being in good agreement
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