Two-phase simulation of hydrothermal performance and entropy generation aspects of a biologically prepared nanofluid-cooled heat sink with helical Tesla valve-based microchannels

Abstract

The continuous development of innovative cooling techniques is imperative for advancing electronic device performance, enhancing efficiency, and prolonging their operational reliability in an ever-evolving technological landscape. In this numerical investigation, the hydrothermal performance and entropy generation aspects of a heat sink featuring Tesla valve-base helical channels are explored using the two-phase mixture method. The chosen heat transfer fluid is a water-silver nanofluid synthesized through a biological method. The study delved into the impact of Reynolds number (Re = 500–2000) and nanofluid concentration (φ = 0–1%) on the system's functional parameters, and the results are subsequently compared with data associated with a heat sink employing the helical plain channels. It was uncovered that elevating Re and diminishing φ result in improved central processing unit (CPU) cooling, lowered thermal resistance, and a reduction in the temperature differential between the maximum and minimum CPU temperatures. Meanwhile, the pumping power of nanofluid increases with higher Re s and lower φ s. Furthermore, it was discovered that the overall hydrothermal performance of the heat sink with Tesla valve-type helical channel consistently surpasses that of the heat sink with helical plain channel. The peak value of the Performance Evaluation Criterion, reaching 1.642, was associated with Case Re = 500 &φ = 0 %. Furthermore, it was found that substituting the Tesla valve-base channel for the plain channel results in a decrease in the total entropy generation up to a Re of 1500.