Two-party quantum key agreement against collective noisy channel

Abstract

Quantum key agreement (QKA) permits participants to constitute a shared key on a quantum channel, and no participants are able to independently determine the shared key. In fact, particles are frequently affected by channel noise in the transmission process of quantum channel. Under the cover of noise, attackers can launch malicious attacks. In this thesis, on account of the usage of entanglement swapping of GHZ state and logical Bell states, we design two two-party QKA protocols which are immune to collective-dephasing noise and collective-rotation noise, respectively. In comparison with the existing QKA protocols of two parties, the proposed protocols have better quantum resource cost and the qubit efficiency in the global scope. Security analysis reveals that they can resist not only attacks by participants but also external attacks.