Abstract
The Lacinutrix genus was discovered in 2005 and includes 12 Gram-negative bacterial species. To the best of our knowledge, the secondary metabolite production potential of this genus has not been explored before, and examination of Lacinutrix species may reveal novel chemistry. As part of a screening project of Arctic marine bacteria, the Lacinutrix sp. strain M09B143 was cultivated, extracted, fractionated and tested for antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. One fraction had antibacterial activity and was subjected to mass spectrometry analysis, which revealed two compounds with elemental composition that did not match any known compounds in databases. This resulted in the identification and isolation of two novel isobranched lyso-ornithine lipids, whose structures were elucidated by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Lyso-ornithine lipids consist of a 3-hydroxy fatty acid linked to the alpha amino group of an ornithine amino acid through an amide bond. The fatty acid chains were determined to be iso-C15:0 (1) and iso-C16:0 (2). Compound 1 was active against the Gram-positive S. agalactiae, while 2 showed cytotoxic activity against A2058 human melanoma cells.
Highlights
Bacteria are the producers of many secondary metabolites that have been developed into drugs, including the tetracycline and aminoglycoside classes of antibiotics [1,2], that has paved the way for better health for millions of people around the world
Fraction 5 was active against Grampositive bacteria and was selected for further chemical analysis. This resulted in the isolation and identification of two novel iso-branched lyso-ornithine lipids that were tested for antibacterial and cytotoxic activities
The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed that M09B143 was affiliated with the genus Lacinutrix, a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae and phylum Bacteroidetes, corresponding to the information provided by the Norwegian Marine Biobank Marbank
Summary
Bacteria are the producers of many secondary metabolites that have been developed into drugs, including the tetracycline and aminoglycoside classes of antibiotics [1,2], that has paved the way for better health for millions of people around the world. Most of the bacterial secondary metabolites have been isolated from terrestrial organisms [3], suggesting that the chemical diversity of natural products can be expanded by investigating bacteria from other habitats. The Arctic marine environment is home to numerous microorganisms thriving in cold water under the stark seasonal changes from midnight sun to polar darkness. While most of them were isolated from invertebrates, the true producers of many of these secondary metabolites are known to be symbiotic bacteria, showing that marine bacteria is a promising source of new bioactive secondary metabolites [5,6]. As the Arctic water is less investigated than warmer waters and terrestrial environments, it represents a potential source for the discovery of novel bioactive bacterial compounds
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