Two New Voltage-Mode Sinusoidal Quadrature Oscillators Employing Second-Generation Voltage Conveyors

Abstract

This article presents an application of a second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII) as a quadrature oscillator. The controlling parameters of the presented circuits, i.e. oscillation condition and oscillation frequency are tuneable without affecting the other. Both the single-resistance-controlled oscillators employ only two VCII, two grounded capacitors, and three grounded/ virtually grounded resistors. To strengthen the design idea regular mathematical analysis such as ideal, non-ideal, parasitic, frequency stability, phase noise analysis, and sensitivity calculations have been performed. To validate the proposed networks, the simulations have been carried out using 180 nm CMOS technology parameters, and experimental studies have also been performed using commercially available integrated circuits. Abbreviations: VDTA: voltage differencing transconductance amplifier; CDBA: current differencing buffered amplifier; OTRA: operational transconductance amplifier; CCI: first generation current conveyor; CCII: second generation current conveyor; ICCII: Inverting current conveyor; CFOA: current feedback operational amplifier; CDTA: current differencing transconductance amplifier; VDDDA: voltage differencing differential difference amplifier; OTA: operational transconductance amplifier; DVCC: differential voltage current conveyor; DXCCTA: dual:X current conveyor transconductance amplifier; M: MOS model; H: Hardware experimentation; BJT:Bipolar Junction Transistor; MM: Macro-model Simulation.