Abstract
Some species of Inocybes. str. caused neurotoxic poisoning after consumption around the world. However, there are a large number of species in this genus that have not been studied for their toxicity or toxin content. In this study, we report two new toxic yellow Inocybes. str. species from China based on morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analyses and toxin detection. Among the two species, Inocybesquarrosolutea is reported as a newly recorded species of China. We also describe a new species, I.squarrosofulva, which is morphologically similar to I.squarrosolutea. The new species is characterized by its ochraceous squarrose pileus, distinctly annulate cortina on the stipe, nodulose basidiospores and thick-walled pleurocystidia. Muscarine in the fruitbodies was detected by UPLC–MS/MS, the content in I.squarrosolutea and I.squarrosofulva were 136.4 ± 25.4 to 1683.0 ± 313 mg/kg dry weight and 31.2 ± 5.8 to 101.8 ± 18.9 mg/kg dry weight, respectively.
Highlights
The genus Inocybe (Fr.) Fr. was established as a “tribe” of Agaricus (Fries 1821) and treated as a genus in 1863 (Fries 1863)
All members of Inocybe s. str. in the dataset formed a monophyletic lineage with strong support (MLB = 85%, BPP = 1)
Based on the morphological characteristics, the mushroom was identified as I. squarrosolutea, which was first described from Cameron Highlands of Malaysia (Horak 1979)
Summary
The genus Inocybe (Fr.) Fr. was established as a “tribe” of Agaricus (Fries 1821) and treated as a genus in 1863 (Fries 1863). Recent studies elevated it to the family rank, known as the Inocybaceae (Matheny 2005, 2009; Matheny et al 2020). Studies on Inocybaceae in China started in the 20th century. L. Until 2020 about 140 species of Inocybaceae had been reported, of which about 120 belong to Inocybe s. Fan et al have described seven new species of Inocybe s. In China from 2013 to 2020 (Fan and Bau 2013, 2014a, 2014b, 2020; Fan et al 2018) Fan et al have described seven new species of Inocybe s. str. in China from 2013 to 2020 (Fan and Bau 2013, 2014a, 2014b, 2020; Fan et al 2018)
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