Abstract
Two new records of gynandromorphs in Xylocopa Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Gynandromorphs are deviant morphological individuals with genetically distinct male and female tissues. Records of sex anomalies seems to be important to better understand the mechanisms regulating phenotypic expression. Herein, two new cases of gynandromorphs in carpenter bee species of Xylocopa from Brazil are described and figured: a mixed gynandromorph of the X. (Neoxylocopa) brasilianorum (Linnaeus, 1767) from São Paulo and a bilateral gynandromorph of the X. (Neoxylocopa) ordinaria Smith, 1874 from Sergipe.
Highlights
Intersexes and gynandromorphs are sexual anomaly frequently documented in bees
The hypotheses to explain the causes of gynandromorphism among Apoidea have been related to problems of fertilization, polyspermy, loss or damage of a sex chromosome, and association with symbionts such as Wolbachia
Records of gynander specimens of bees are important in studies that focus on elucidating the mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation (Narita et al, 2010), to study the distribution of deviant phenotypes in tagma and to explore these anomalies in the phylogenetic history of the group. In this contribution we described and illustrate two new cases of gynandropmorphism in carpenter bee species of Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) from Brazil: a mosaic gynandromorph of the X. (Neoxylocopa) brasilianorum (Linnaeus, 1767) from São Paulo state and a bilateral gynandromorph of the X. (Neoxylocopa) ordinaria Smith, 1874 from Sergipe state
Summary
Intersexes and gynandromorphs are sexual anomaly frequently documented in bees (see Hinojosa-Díaz et al, 2012). Almeida et al.: Gynandromorphs in Xylocopa that present a strong sexual dimorphism with black females and yellow or testaceous males (Hurd, 1978; Michener, 2007; Silveira et al, 2002; Marchi & Alves-dosSantos, 2013). These morphological deviations provide data for a general view that help in understanding the evolution of sexual characteristics or even homologies between male and female structures (Wcislo et al, 2004; Hinojosa-Díaz et al, 2012; Zama & Coelho, 2017).
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