Abstract
An accurate identification of poisonous mushrooms and the confirmation of the toxins involved are both of great importance in the treatment of mushroom poisoning incidents. In recent years, cases of mushroom poisoning by Inosperma spp. have been repeatedly reported from tropical Asia. It is urgent to know the real species diversity of Inosperma in this region. In the present study, we proposed two new Inosperma species from tropical Asia, namely I.muscarium and I.hainanense. They were described based on morphology and multilocus phylogeny. Detailed descriptions, color photographs and the discussion with other closely related species of the two new taxa were provided. In addition, a comprehensive muscarine determination of these two new species using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) approach has been performed. Results showed that these two species were muscarine positive, with a content of 16.03 ± 1.23 g/kg in I.muscarium and a content of 11.87 ± 3.02 g/kg in I.hainanense, much higher than the known species I.virosum. Recovery of muscarine ranged from 93.45% to 97.25%, and the average recovery is 95.56%.
Highlights
Muscarine C9H20NO2+, CAS number: 300–54–9, is a toxic alkaloid found in Inocybaceae, Clitocybe and several other mushroom genera (Patocka et al 2021)
Mushroom poisoning events caused by Inosperma species were repeatedly reported from tropical Asia in recent years (Chandrasekharan et al 2020; Li et al 2021; Parnmen et al 2021)
The present study aims to describe these two new tropical species using a combined data of morphology and phylogeny, and to determine their muscarine contents, in order to provide an accurate data for the prevention and clinical treatment of potential Inosperma poisoning accidents
Summary
Muscarine C9H20NO2+, CAS number: 300–54–9, is a toxic alkaloid found in Inocybaceae, Clitocybe and several other mushroom genera (Patocka et al 2021). Many species of Inocybaceae are known to contain muscarine (Malone et al 1962), especially in Inocybe sensu stricto, and Pseudosperma (Kosentka et al 2013; Matheny et al 2020). A genus in Inocybaceae, is supposed to contain only a small number of muscarine positive species (Kosentka et al 2013). Mushroom poisoning events caused by Inosperma species were repeatedly reported from tropical Asia in recent years (Chandrasekharan et al 2020; Li et al 2021; Parnmen et al 2021).
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