Abstract
Atriolum has characters that suggest affinities with Leptoclinides and Didemnum respectively. Its large zooids and functional rather than vestigial oviduct are primitive characters previously not known in the Didemnidae. A thoracic brood pouch is probably convergent with similar structure in the Holozoidae and does no t reflect phylogeny. Type material of this monotypic genus is from Murray I. and Raine I., northern Queensland . Polysoma resembles certain Diplosoma spp. in the absence of spicules, and the form o f the colony and zooids. It is distinguished by its arc of numerous scattered testis follicles and straight vas deferens. Type material of this mono typic genus is from Port Essington, Northern Territory.
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