Abstract
Two cryptic anostracan species were discovered during a study of the geochemical affinities of the North American fairy shrimp, in that they demonstrated significantly different substrate geochemical preferences. After detailed examination, both species proved to be morphologically, ecologically, and geographically separated from the species with which they were previously confused. Streptocephalus coloradensis Dodds, 1916 is resurrected from synonymy with S. sealii Ryder, 1879. This species is separated from S. sealii by the forms of the frontal appendage as well as the antennal appendages. S. sealii is limited to the North American Coastal Plain, while S. coloradensis occurs in the Great Plains and Intermountain regions of the west. Eubranchipus hesperius n. sp. is separated from E. serratus Forbes, 1876 by the form of the second antennae, the antennal appendages, abdomen, and brood pouch. Eubranchipus serratus occurs east of the continental divide, whereas E. hesperius n. sp. occurs west of the Great Plains. Both S. sealii and E. serratus, and the two related new species are described and figured according to modern standards. An updated key to the genus Eubranchipus is provided.
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