Abstract
A series of discoveries in the past two decades has changed the way we think about bilingualism and its implications for language and cognition. One is that both of the bilingual’s languages are always active. The parallel activation of the two languages is thought to give rise to competition that imposes demands on the bilingual to control the language not in use to achieve fluency in the target language. The second is that there are consequences of bilingualism that affect the native as well as the second language: The native language changes in response to second-language use. The third is that the consequences of bilingualism are not limited to language but appear to reflect a reorganization of brain networks that hold implications for the ways in which bilinguals negotiate cognitive competition more generally. The focus of recent research on bilingualism has been to understand the relations among these discoveries and their implications for language, cognition, and the brain across the life span.
Highlights
This article aims at setting the theoretical bases to clarify the concept of bilingualism
precise the skills deriving from this bilingual condition
which leads to consideration
Summary
Cuando centran su atención en el universo que estudia el uso de dos códigos, diferencian nítidamente los conceptos bilingüismo y bilingüe, para aprehender las realidades que subyacen. Estos dos conceptos iniciales se van complicando si los ponemos en presencia del biculturalismo, que despliega múltiples formas de bilingüismo en sí: recordemos que, en términos de Grosjean, se puede ser bilingüe sin ser bicultural y viceversa (Grosjean, 2012). Es pertinente considerar que, dados los variados usos que se aplican a la condición bilingüe, las definiciones de este concepto varían en función de los ámbitos de especialidad profesional: para un intérprete, el bilingüismo implicaría tener algunas características que para un neurólogo o lingüista resultarían prescindibles. Consideramos pertinente revisar algunas aportaciones de los estudios que han abordado esta cuestión
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