Abstract
The main purpose of the research is to evaluate the crest vertical curves radii Rv, not considering a conventional value of the opposing vehicle height h2, but the average vehicle heights h2(m) and the value of the 15th percentile of the height distribution h2(15) of the passenger car population. The study only considered car models with more than 20,000 registered vehicles in Italy. One hundred and fifteen car models belonging to different brands were taken into consideration, for a total of over 9 million vehicles. For the statistical sample analyzed, the following vehicle heights were estimated: h2(m) = 1.48 m and h2(15) = 1.39 m. The deviations between the crest radii calculated with the Italian standard (h2 = 1.10 m), and those obtained for h2(m) = 1.48 m and h2(15) = 1.39 m are up to 12%. The differences ΔHv between the values of the visible vehicle body height Hv = Hv(t) calculated using, respectively, h2(15) = 1.39 m and h2(m) = 1.48 m are modest. The value h2(m) = 1.48 m could be adopted in order to reduce the highways construction costs. In fact, the research shows that the value h2 = 1.10 m is too conservative and leads to oversizing of the crest vertical curves. Therefore, it would be necessary to make an appropriate choice of h2 value in order to take into account the current heights of passenger cars.
Highlights
In highway design, vertical curves have to be used to transition grade changes
Users have high probability to encounter slower vehicles and often are forced to queue up first and overtake where the available sight distance D is greater than the passing sight distance PSD [19]
The minimum radius of crest curves based on passing sight distance (PSD) In criteria is satisfactory from the standpoint of safety, comfort, and appearance this generally section, the Relationships satisfactory from the standpoint of safety, comfort, and appearance
Summary
Vertical curves have to be used to transition grade changes. Vertical curves should be chosen considering many relevant issues such as driver safety, comfort, alignment aesthetics, and drainage purposes [1,2,3,4]. PSD), according to total grade change ∆i, design speed v, and drivers’ comfort As it is well known, too short a vertical curve radius may lead to insufficient sight distance. The results show that the h2 value prescribed by the Italian guidelines [10,11] (h2 = 1.10 m) is excessively precautionary, since it results in h2(m) = 1.48 m and h2(15) = 1.39 m, respectively It follows the oversizing of the radius of vertical convex curves and their length, with consequent greater highways construction costs. Users have high probability to encounter slower vehicles and often are forced to queue up first and overtake where the available sight distance D is greater than the passing sight distance PSD [19].
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