Abstract
The first significant publication on eclogites (Escola, 1921) marked the start of the longest-discussed problem in petrology – the genesis and the place of eclogite formation and eclogite facies on the Earth. The mineral paragenesis of garnet, omphacite, rutile with rare inclusion of microdiamond in garnet requires conditions of T=800–1000 °C and P=0–60 kbar. According to the geothermal gradient and lithostatic pressure calculations, such conditions should exist at a depth of 60–250 km. The dominant nowadays “subduction-exhumation” hypothesis does not offer a satisfactory explanation of the idea of deep subcrustal crystallization and the actual finding of eclogites in the middle parts of the Earthʼs crust among the amphibolites. Contradictions disappear if it is assumed that they are formed in situ in the geotribological zones of friction within the crust, where kinetic energy is generated, providing the necessary high temperature and pressure.
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