Two-Hour Postprandial Lipoprotein Particle Concentration Differs Between Lean and Obese Individuals.

Ehsan Parvaresh Rizi,Sue-Anne Toh,E Shyong Tai,Sonia Baig,Tze Ping Loh,Chin Meng Khoo

doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00856

Abstract

The concentrations of lipoprotein particles [high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs), and chylomicrons] are associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Most studies have examined these associations in the fasting state. Previous studies have shown lipoprotein particle concentration change following meal, and these changes are different in individuals with obesity. In this study, we aimed to assess whether various meal compositions lead to adverse short-term (2-h) postprandial lipoproteinemia in obese insulin resistant (obese-IR) subjects as compared to lean insulin sensitive (lean-IS) subjects. In a randomized crossover trial, nine lean-IS and nine obese-IR Chinese men aged 22–35 years were challenged with isoenergetic and isovolumic meals rich in protein (HP), fat (HF), or carbohydrate (HC). Plasma samples were collected after a 10-h fast, as well as 1-h and 2-h post-meal and analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance. Plasma concentration of large VLDLs and chylomicron particles was higher and increased more after all meals in obese-IR compared to lean-IS subjects. The HP meal decreased small LDL particle concentration in obese-IR subjects, and increased small HDL particle concentration in all subjects. The HF meal led to a decrease in small HDL concentration in all subjects. In conclusion, obese-IR subjects revealed a detrimental response to meal challenges even as early as 2-h after meal intake.

Highlights

Plasma lipoproteins are heterogeneous, comprising particles of differing size and density
The total number of Verylow-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) and CM particles was similar among groups, but obese-IR subjects had higher concentrations of large VLDL and lower concentrations of small VLDL particles
low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) particle concentration was higher in obese-IR subjects due to higher concentrations of small LDL particles

Summary

Introduction

Plasma lipoproteins are heterogeneous, comprising particles of differing size and density. Verylow-density lipoproteins (VLDLs), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) each comprise different sub-fractions and individually have an influence on cardiovascular disease (CVD) (Kwiterovich, 2002; Superko et al, 2012; Nikolic et al, 2013). Most studies evaluating the association between lipoprotein subfraction and risk of CVD have been conducted in the fasting state (Garvey et al, 2003; Otvos et al, 2006; El Harchaoui et al, 2007). Previous studies have demonstrated that lipoprotein particle concentrations change after a meal (Wojczynski et al, 2011; Shah et al, 2017, 2018). As people in industrialized societies spend a higher proportion of time in the postprandial state, postprandial lipoprotein particle concentrations might be a more relevant predictor of cardiovascular risk

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