Abstract
Two-factor authenticated key exchange (TFAKE) protocols are critical tools for ensuring identity authentication and secure data transmission in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Until now, numerous TFAKE protocols based on smart cards and passwords are proposed for WSNs. Unfortunately, most of them are found insecure against various attacks. Researchers focus on cryptanalysis of these protocols and then fixing the loopholes. Little attention has been paid to design rationales and formal security models of these protocols. In this paper, we first put forward a formal security model for TFAKE protocols in WSNs. We then present an efficient TFAKE protocol for WSNs without using expensive asymmetric cryptology mechanisms. Our protocol can be proven secure in the random oracle model and achieves user anonymity. Compared with other TFAKE protocols, our protocol is more efficient and enjoys provable security.
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