Abstract
The present study aims to investigate whether the two kinds of employee inactivity, namely procrastination and recovery at work can be empirically distinguished. Online survey data collected from 116 Dutch white-collar employees were analyzed in terms of (a) the factorial distinction of recovery and procrastination (internal validity evidence) and (b) their association with performance and work engagement (external validity evidence). The results of confirmatory factory analysis revealed the best fit for the model in which recovery and subdimensions of procrastination (soldiering and cyberslacking) loading to separate latent constructs. Moreover, recovery was positively related to work engagement and performance, whereas, procrastination did not show any significant relationship to these two concepts. In sum, findings of this study suggest that employee non-work related activity during work hours can be differentiated empirically. These results enhance the workplace procrastination literature by providing further validation evidence.
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