Abstract
Solution-processed metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have attracted extensive attention due to the great potential application in energy-efficient lighting and displays. Two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper (2DRP) layered perovskites exhibit high photoluminescence quantum efficiency, improved film morphology, and enhanced operational stability over their three-dimensional counterparts, making them attractive for high-performance PeLEDs. In addition, 2DRP perovskite materials with a tunable exciton binding energy are suitable for preparing PeLEDs with color-tunability. In this perspective, we first introduce the merits of the 2DRP layered perovskites in terms of their structural characteristics. The progress in 2DRP PeLEDs is then reviewed. The challenges and new opportunities of the PeLEDs are finally discussed. We hope to open up new perspectives for rational designs of the 2DRP perovskite materials for PeLEDs with unprecedented efficiency and stability.
Highlights
Metal halide perovskites have undergone rapid development since their first employment as photoactive layers by Kojima and co-workers in 2009.1 Their emergence as promising emitters in perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is attributed to their superior properties, such as high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), narrow light emission full width at half maxima (FWHM), tunable exciton binding energy, balanced charge carrier mobility,[2,3] as well as relatively low cost and facile large-scale manufacturing.[4,5,6,7] a layered perovskite emitter was applied in PeLEDs as early as 1994; the electroluminescence emission was only achieved at liquid-nitrogen temperature.[8]
The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the PeLEDs rockets over 20% in 5 years, which reinforces the belief that PeLEDs are a good alternative to conventional organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).[10,11,12,13,14]
Two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper (2DRP) perovskites with a layered structure show better stability without sacrificing much EQE compared to their 3D counterparts, which offers a new strategy for fabricating PeLEDs with high efficiency and long-term stability.[19,20,21]
Summary
Metal halide perovskites have undergone rapid development since their first employment as photoactive layers by Kojima and co-workers in 2009.1 Their emergence as promising emitters in perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is attributed to their superior properties, such as high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), narrow light emission full width at half maxima (FWHM), tunable exciton binding energy, balanced charge carrier mobility,[2,3] as well as relatively low cost and facile large-scale manufacturing.[4,5,6,7] a layered perovskite emitter was applied in PeLEDs as early as 1994; the electroluminescence emission was only achieved at liquid-nitrogen temperature.[8]. Two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper (2DRP) perovskites with a layered structure show better stability without sacrificing much EQE compared to their 3D counterparts, which offers a new strategy for fabricating PeLEDs with high efficiency and long-term stability.[19,20,21] The 2DRP perovskites take the formula of A′2An−1BnX3n+1, where A′ is a large aliphatic or aromatic ammonium cation (R–NH3+, such as butylammonium, phenethylammonium, etc.), A is a small covalent cation (Cs+, MA+, and FA+), B is a divalent metal that can adopt an octahedral coordination (Pb2+, Sn2+, Ge2+, etc.), X is a halogen (Cl−, Br−, and I−), and n is the number of inorganic sheets.[22,23,24] Compared with the 3D perovskite structure (AMX3), the distance between the inorganic sheets in 2DRP perovskites can be tuned by incorporating various large organic cations (R–NH3+).[25] The formation of the layered perovskite can be considered as a 3D perovskite being cut into thin slices with different values of n We summarize the progress of the stability and EQE of PeLEDs in recent years, as well as the challenges that still need to be overcome, and propose the potentials of PeLEDs as a new generation light source of LEDs
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