Two-Dimensional Post-Traumatic Measurements of Orbital Floor Blowout Fractures Underestimate Defect Sizes Compared to Three-Dimensional Approaches

Abstract

Orbital floor fractures represent a common fracture type of the midface and are standardly diagnosed clinically as well as radiologically using linear measurement methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of diagnostic measurements of isolated orbital floor fractures based on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) measurement techniques. A cohort of 177 patients was retrospectively and multi-centrically evaluated after surgical treatment of an orbital floor fracture between 2010 and 2020. In addition to 2D and 3D measurements of the fracture area, further fracture-related parameters were investigated. Calculated fracture areas using the 2D measurement technique revealed an average area of 287.59 mm2, whereas the 3D measurement showed fracture areas with a significantly larger average value of 374.16 mm2 (p < 0.001). On average, the 3D measurements were 1.53-fold larger compared to the 2D measurements. This was observed in 145 patients, whereas only 32 patients showed smaller values in the 3D-based approach. However, the process duration of the 3D measurement took approximately twice as long as the 2D-based procedure. Nonetheless, 3D-based measurement of orbital floor defects provides a more accurate estimation of the fracture area than the 2D-based procedure and can be helpful in determining the indication and planning the surgical procedure.