Abstract
As a numerical method based on the Galerkin variation, the numerical manifold method (NMM) adopts a dual covering system, which is convenient for constructing high-order manifold elements and performing adaptive analysis. In this paper, the NMM is used to simulate the electromagnetic response based on the structure of the undulating terrain existing in actual geophysical exploration. The relevant system equations are derived, and a penalty function method is proposed for dealing with boundary conditions. The simulation results validate the effectiveness and accuracy of this method. Through the simulation of ground barriers and ridge models, the effect of undulating terrain on the apparent resistivity and phase is investigated, which is potentially useful for examining the complex geoelectric model characteristics as well as for terrain correction of the detection results.
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