Abstract
A novel 2D imaging method for permittivity imaging using a meta-structure with a functional scanning defect is proposed, working in the millimeter wave-range. The meta-structure we used here is composed of a perforated metal plate with subwavelength-holes and a needle-like conductor that can scan two-dimensionally just beneath the plate. The metal plate, which is referred to as a metal hole array (MHA) in this study, is known as a structure supporting propagation of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs). High-frequency waves with frequencies higher than microwaves, including SSPPs, have the potential to detect signals from inner parts embedded beneath solid surfaces such as living cells or organs under the skin, without physical invasion, because of the larger skin depth penetration of millimeter wave-bands than optical wave-bands. Focused on activated SSPPs, the localized distortion of SSPP modes on an MHA is used in the proposed method to scan the electromagnetic properties of the MHA with a needle-like conductor (conductive probe), which is a kind of active defect-initiator. To show the validity of the proposed method, electromagnetic analyses of the localized distortions of wave fields were performed, and one- and two-dimensional imaging experiments were conducted with the aim of detecting both conductive and dielectric samples. The analytical results confirmed the localized distortion of the electric field distribution of SSPP modes and also indicated that the proposed method has scanning ability. In experimental studies, the detection of conductive and dielectric samples was successful, where the detected dielectrics contained pseudo-biological materials, with an accuracy on the order of millimeters. Finally, a biomedical diagnosis in the case of a rat lung is demonstrated by using the experimental system. These results indicate that the proposed method may be usable for non-invasive and low-risk biomedical diagnosis.
Highlights
Electromagnetic waves have huge potential for various applications such as wireless communication, micro processing, and sensing, and as a result, they will become indispensable in our daily lives.In recent years, millimeter waves or terahertz waves, with wavelengths shorter than microwaves and longer than infrared, have been attracting considerable attention
The important feature of an mode is the concentration of the waves transmitted through the waveguides of the metal hole array (MHA) couple with the spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) mode in the with the incident waves
Electric fields are distorted strongly at sharp conductive boundaries, a conditions, by using the model as shown in Figure 8, the electric field distributions of the two cases phenomenon known as the near field effect [30], unlike wave propagation that includes a dispersion were monitored at 78.4 GHz, which is a candidate for the SSPP frequency near the resonant frequency relation
Summary
Electromagnetic waves have huge potential for various applications such as wireless communication, micro processing, and sensing, and as a result, they will become indispensable in our daily lives. 1, we consider that with the of optimized waves, The SSPP phenomenon was discoveredincidence by Pendry et al whomillimeter derived the electric theory fields of its concentrate in and around an MHA that has two-dimensional waveguide arrays SSPP generation on MHA, the electromagnetic model of process phenomenon the dispersion of whose the incident andorder the waveguide modes is is introduced. Before beginning the derivation of generation, the definitions of the electric and magnetic we consider that with the incidence of optimized millimeter waves, electric fields concentrate in and properties in two regions are introduced. Derivations, the coupling between the medium, the has to have an effective relative permittivity of ε m and a relative permeability μm dispersion relation of the incident waves and the waveguide modes is considered.
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