Abstract
Two-dimensional fluorescence difference spectroscopy (2-D FDS) was used to determine the unique spectral signatures of zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium oxide (MgO), and 5% magnesium zinc oxide nanocomposite (5% Mg/ZnO) and was then used to demonstrate the change in spectral signature that occurs when physiologically important proteins, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ribonuclease A (RNase A), interact with ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). When RNase A is bound to 5% Mg/ZnO, the intensity is quenched, while the intensity is magnified and a significant shift is seen when torula yeast RNA (TYRNA) is bound to RNase A and 5% Mg/ZnO. The intensity of 5% Mg/ZnO is quenched also when thrombin and thrombin aptamer are bound to the nanocomposite. These data indicate that RNA–protein interaction can occur unimpeded on the surface of NPs, which was confirmed by gel electrophoresis, and importantly that the change in fluorescence excitation, emission, and intensity shown by 2-D FDS may indicate specificity of biomolecular interactions.
Highlights
Metamaterials or composites combine the advantages of multiple elements in the nanoscale and have unique physico-chemical properties [1,2,3]
Synthesis of the 5% Mg/zinc oxide (ZnO) composite was compared to the pure parent material (Figure 1)
[19,20],it possibleittopossible show that the introduction of the thrombin after the thrombin wasprotein bound making to show that the introduction of theaptamer thrombin aptamer after theprotein thrombin resulted in total fluorescence quenching, as shown previously above, and that the results of the was bound resulted in total fluorescence quenching, as shown previously above, and that the results of the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) shows this by the decreasing fluorescent intensity of the bands in Figure 5a as the thrombin concentration increases
Summary
Metamaterials or composites combine the advantages of multiple elements in the nanoscale and have unique physico-chemical properties [1,2,3]. ZnO has been fabricated into a variety of different structures with various other components including carbon quantum dots [4], platinum [5], AlGaN [6], Au (gold) [7,8,11], Co (cobalt) [9], and graphene [12]. Detection by these nanocomposite sensors is based on electrochemistry or photoelectrochemistry [5,7,9,11,12,14]. Our group has recently reported recently reported that two-dimensional fluorescence difference spectroscopy (2-D Our. FDS)group can behas used as a new characterization technique for nanomaterials and can be used to
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