Abstract
m tend to fall out of the gas stream and deposit in the mucosa of the upper airways before reaching the alveoli of the lungs but incompletely dissolved protein particles can cause undesired side effects such as inflammation or immune response against the drug protein itself. Pulmonary delivery of a protein drug can avoid the hepatic first-pass effect of and the digestive process typical for an oral admini-stration as well as the discomfort of the needle injection associated with a parenteral one. A good example where such pulmonary delivery can significantly improve the patient’s comfort is the insulin inhalation therapy for diabetics, an issue which has already been investigated in clinical studies.
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