Two Dietary Patterns From China Might Benefit Kidney Function, as Indicated by Latent Profile Analysis

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly influenced by diet. However, there is a lack of a special dietary pattern to promote kidney health; there might have been some dietary patterns that could be beneficial in preventing the decline of renal function. The aim of this study is to assess the latent friendly dietary patterns for the kidneys in the year with low incidence of CKD in China. In this cross-sectional survey (2009), 4,267 adults no less than 18years old without CKD, hypertension, diabetes, and so on were analyzed in the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Kidney function was reflected by 3 common indicators: uric acid, urea, and creatinine. Food intake was determined based on 3 consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls from the first day of midnight to the fourth day of midnight. Latent profile analysis was used to identify dietary patterns among participants. After adjusting for demographic and lifestyle characteristics, 2 dietary patterns (low animal and high plant diet and high cereal and vegetable diet) which were characterized as higher intake of plant derived food (cereals, tubers, legumes, fruits, and vegetables) from China might benefit kidney function. The median intake of foods in the first dietary pattern was cereals and cereal products 433.33g/day, tubers and starch products 150.00g/day, dried legumes and legume products 46.67g/day, vegetables and vegetable products 303.33g/day, meat and meat products 40.00g/day, and egg and egg products 20.00g/day. The median intake of foods in the second dietary pattern was cereals and cereal products 616.67g/day, dried legumes and legume products 38.33g/day, vegetables and vegetable products 700.00g/day, meat and meat products 66.67g/day, and egg and egg products 20.00g/day. It was shown that there were two dietary patterns in China might benefit kidney function. Future studies are needed to confirm these associations and design dietary patterns specifically to promote kidney health based on these characteristics.