Abstract
Dipolar Bosonic atoms confined in external potentials open up new avenues for quantum-state manipulation and will contribute to the design and exploration of novel functional materials. Here we investigate the ground-state and rotational properties of a rotating two-component dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate, which consists of both dipolar bosonic atoms with magnetic dipole moments aligned vertically to the condensate and one without dipole moments, confined in concentrically coupled annular traps. For the nonrotational case, it is found that the tunable dipolar interaction can be used to control the location of each component between the inner and outer rings, and to induce the desired ground-state phase. Under finite rotation, it is shown that there exists a critical value of rotational frequency for the nondipolar case, above which vortex state can form at the trap center, and the related vortex structures depend strongly on the rotational frequency. For the dipolar case, it is found that various ground-state phases and the related vortex structures, such as polygonal vortex clusters and vortex necklaces, can be obtained via a proper choice of the dipolar interaction and rotational frequency. Finally, we also study and discuss the formation process of such vortex structures.
Highlights
Dipolar Bosonic atoms confined in external potentials open up new avenues for quantum-state manipulation and will contribute to the design and exploration of novel functional materials
We investigate the ground-state and rotational properties of a rotating two-component dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate, which consists of both dipolar bosonic atoms with magnetic dipole moments aligned vertically to the condensate and one without dipole moments, confined in concentrically coupled annular traps
E arly studies of Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in dilute quantum gases demonstrate that contact interaction between atoms is the origin of most phenomena that have been observed in BEC1
Summary
Model and the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations for the system. We consider a two-component dipolar BEC described by the macroscopic wave functions y1(r, t) and y2(r, t). For the positive value of DDI, we cannot observe a similar structural change even for larger positive edd compared with the former case This can be understood by the fact that the outer ring potential can always trap component 1 its repulsive interaction is increasing. We observe the formation of interlaced honeycomb vortex structure for each component, which can be understood by the similar argument discussed for the nondipolar case: increasing of the strength of DDI leads to the increases of the repulsive intra-component interaction, but to the decreases of the critical rotational frequency. We plan to study this problem in greater detail in a future work
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