Abstract
In this paper, we report the observation of electron tunneling during two-center recording in LiNbO3:Fe:Mn doped with high Fe concentration. Unlike tunneling in the singly doped lithium niobate that erases the hologram, the effect in two-center recording can improve the diffraction efficiency of the hologram after the recording while it is kept in the dark. A detailed study of this effect in LiNbO3:Fe:Mn is presented both theoretically and experimentally. We show that the hologram strength may increase or decrease due to tunneling, depending on the experimental condition of recording.
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