Abstract
The dynamic shear viscosity of a binary liquid mixture phenol–water has been measured at different temperatures (50.0°C ≤ T ≤ 75.0°C) and different concentrations (0.00% up to 100.00% by weight of phenol). The critical temperature Tc and critical concentration xc are found to be 67.0°C and 33.90% by weight of phenol respectively, the critical mass density ρc is measured to be 0.8952 g/cm3. The critical and background amplitudes of specific heat at constant pressure are calculated to be 78.12 J/kg.K and 85.29 J/kg.K respectively. The pressure derivative of the critical temperature along the critical line ' cT T is calculated to be 9.722 ×10-6 K/Pa. In addition, dynamic shear viscosity of binary liquid mixture phenol–cyclohexane has been measured at different temperatures (14.0°C ≤ T ≤ 30.0°C) and different concentrations (2.00% up to 39.70% by weight of phenol). The critical temperature Tc and critical concentration xc are found to be 17.0°C and 2.70% by weight of phenol respectively; the critical mass density ρc is measured to be 0.7627 g/cm3. The critical and background amplitudes of isobaric thermal expansion coefficient αpc and αpb are calculated to be 8×10-6 K-1, 6×10-4 K-1 respectively. The pressure derivative of the critical temperature ' cT for the binary is calculated to be 2.8572 × 10-8 K/Pa. The universal quantity R+ ξ for the binary liquid critical mixture phenol–water is calculated to be 0.2716 ± 0.0005. In addition, the universal quantity R+ ξ for the binary liquid critical mixture phenol–cyclohexane is calculated to be 0.2699 ± 0.0001. The calculated values of the universal quantity R+ ξ are in a good agreement with the theoretical value of R+ ζ which is equal 0.2710. The two binary liquid critical mixture belong to the class of universality Two–Scale–Factor Universality.
Highlights
Binary liquid mixtures and critical pointMixtures are the product of a mechanical blending or mixing of chemical substances like elements and compounds, without chemical bonding or other chemical changes, so that each ingredient substance retains its own chemical properties [1]
The critical point represents the boundary between regions of homogeneous and heterogeneous behavior in phase diagrams for mixtures [4]
The critical temperature, concentration, heat capacity at constant pressure and density were measured of each mixture
Summary
Binary liquid mixtures and critical pointMixtures are the product of a mechanical blending or mixing of chemical substances like elements and compounds, without chemical bonding or other chemical changes, so that each ingredient substance retains its own chemical properties [1]. Mixtures can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous. A homogeneous mixture is a type of mixture in which the composition is uniform and every part of the solution has the same properties. A heterogeneous mixture is a type of mixture in which the components can be seen, as there are two or more phases present. Binary liquid mixtures are combination of two pure liquid substances, which have a limited solubility of each one in the other [2]. The critical point represents the boundary between regions of homogeneous and heterogeneous behavior in phase diagrams for mixtures [4]. Hypothesis of universality greatly reduces the variety of different types of critical behavior by classifying all systems into a small number of equivalence classes [5]
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