Abstract
Nonlinear optical methods like two-photon and three-photon absorption are powerful tools to investigate electronic properties of solids. Because of additional degrees of freedom in experiments, where more than one photon is participating in an elementary absorption process, one expects additional information as compared to one-photon absorption. Due to different selection rules new electronic resonances can be excited. In two-photon absorption even parity transitions are allowed as compared to odd parity transitions in one- and three-photon absorption. As examples the two-photon spectrum of Cu2O and two-photon magnetooptic data of Landau transitions in multiple quantum wells are presented. K-space spectroscopy is another interesting aspect of these nonlinear optical methods. Resonances on the upper and lower polariton branch and even the longitudinal exciton can be determined by different two-photon and three-photon methods. Recent results on alkali halides are reported. In some cases the resonances exhibit a spectacular small linewidth of less than 0.2 meV. In high magnetic fields the splitting of the polariton branches into two components and new resonances due to spin-forbidden paraexcitons can thus be resolved. Important electronic parameters like g values and the exchange splitting are derived from these data.
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