Twist and Glide Symmetries for Helix Antenna Design and Miniaturization

Ángel Palomares-Caballero,Oscar Quevedo-Teruel,Pablo Padilla,Antonio Alex-Amor,Juan Valenzuela-Valdés

doi:10.3390/sym11030349

Ángel Palomares-Caballero, Oscar Quevedo-Teruel + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030349

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Abstract

Here we propose the use of twist and glide symmetries to increase the equivalent refractive index in a helical guiding structure. Twist- and glide-symmetrical distributions are created with corrugations placed at both sides of a helical strip. Combined twist-and glide-symmetrical helical unit cells are studied in terms of their constituent parameters. The increase of the propagation constant is mainly controlled by the length of the corrugations. In our proposed helix antenna, twist and glide symmetry cells are used to reduce significantly the operational frequency compared with conventional helix antenna. Equivalently, for a given frequency of operation, the dimensions of helix are reduced with the use of higher symmetries. The theoretical results obtained for our proposed helical structure based on higher symmetries show a reduction of 42.2% in the antenna size maintaining a similar antenna performance when compared to conventional helix antennas.

Highlights

Symmetrical structures are present in a huge number of natural phenomena
[9]. we proposed the combination of glide and twist symmetries to reduce the size of helix antennas based on the increment of the equivalent refractive that the higher symmetries
The volume size of the conventional the size comparison, the volume size of the conventional helix antenna has been reduced in a 42.2%

Summary

Introduction

Symmetrical structures are present in a huge number of natural phenomena. On occasion, symmetries have a positive impact in the physical response and properties of materials. The use of symmetrical geometries modifies the physical properties of materials, such as their mechanical, thermal or electromagnetic responses [2]. The electromagnetic properties resulting from configurations with one-dimensional higher symmetries were initially studied in the 1960s and 1970s [3,4] It has been in recent years, with the new developments on computational electromagnetics, that more complex structures, including two-dimensional and three-dimensional higher-symmetric structures, have been studied. These structures have demonstrated new possibilities for the design of microwave and millimeter-wave circuits and antennas [5]. Some of the key advantages of employing higher symmetries in the design of radiofrequency devices are: significant reduction of the frequency dispersion [6], accurate control of the equivalent refractive index [7], control and elimination of stop-bands in periodic structures [8]

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