Abstract
Two kinds of twinning morphologies of ZnO crystallites prepared under hydrothermal conditions were obtained. The twin relations of the crystallites could be influenced by additives. The twinned crystallites in the pure H 2 O or weak basic solutions (1 N KOH) are bipyramidal and take (0001) as the twin and composition plane, whereas the twinning morphology of the crystallites obtained from 4 N KBr or 3 N NaNO 2 solutions is dumbbell-like and takes (0001) as the composition plane. Various twinning mechanisms based on the linkage of the growth units are suggested. The formation of twin morphologies of ZnO crystallites clearly demonstrate that twinning of crystals is either a result of differences between symmetrical and energetic most favourable structure arrangements or due to the consequence of oriented intergrowths.
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