Abstract
We report measurements of the field of first magnetic flux entry and the derived values of the lower critical field {ital H}{sub {ital c}1} for different orientations of the applied field with respect to the twin boundaries. For a field orientation perpendicular to the twin boundaries, increased values of {ital H}{sub {ital c}1} are found. The results are interpreted in terms of an increased vortex creation energy when the vortex intersects a twin boundary. In an untwinned crystal, {ital H}{sub {ital c}1} saturates at low temperatures in agreement with measurements of penetration depths from other experiments. We find no significant {ital a}-{ital b} anisotropy in {ital H}{sub {ital c}1} in the untwinned crystal.
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