Twin Mixed Local Anesthesia in Third Molar Surgery - Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of injection of 2 long-acting amide local anesthetic agents - bupivacaine and ropivacaine with and without 4 mg dexamethasone in patients undergoing third molar extraction. A prospective randomized double blind controlled trial was conducted among 68 patients with impacted mandibular third molars. Group A and B were the control groups and received 1.8 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride and 0.75% ropivacaine hydrochloride, respectively. Group A1 and B1 were experimental groups and received modified twin mixes which were 1.8 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride+1mL/4mg dexamethasone and 0.75% ropivacaine hydrochloride+1 mL/4mg dexamethasone, respectively. Visual analog pain scale, mouth opening measurement and facial swelling were assessed at the time of injection and postoperative days 1, 3, and 7. The mean visual analogue scale score for pain on local anesthesia injection was found to be less in both experimental groups- Group A1 (2.94) and B1 (2.41) as compared to control groups- Group A (3.59) and B (3.06). The durations of soft tissue anesthesia were higher as compared to their respective controls for both Group A1 and B1. Patients in both control groups A and B had an increased postoperative swelling, pain and trismus. Intraoperative and postoperative comfort in both the experimental groups were higher than those for control groups, thereby establishing the clinical efficacy of both modified twin mixes for use in surgical extraction of mandibular third molars.