Twin minus domination in directed graphs

Abstract

Let $D=(V,A)$ be a finite simple directed graph. A function$f:Vlongrightarrow {-1,0,1}$ is called a twin minus dominatingfunction (TMDF) if $f(N^-[v])ge 1$ and $f(N^+[v])ge 1$ for eachvertex $vin V$. The twin minus domination number of $D$ is$gamma_{-}^*(D)=min{w(f)mid f mbox{ is a TMDF of } D}$. Inthis paper, we initiate the study of twin minus domination numbersin digraphs and present some lower bounds for $gamma_{-}^*(D)$ interms of the order, size and maximum and minimum in-degrees andout-degrees.