Twenty-year experience with the St Jude Medical mechanical valve prosthesis

Abstract

Background We have prospectively followed all adult St Jude Medical mechanical valve recipients at the Medical University of South Carolina since the initial implant in January 1979 and now present our 20-year experience. Methods We prospectively followed 837 valve recipients (aortic valve replacement; n = 478; mitral valve replacement; n = 359) from January 1979 to December 2000 at 12-month intervals. Results Ages ranged from 19 to 84 years. Follow-up averaged (mean ± standard deviation) 7 ± 5 years (98% complete). Patients were in New York Heart Association class III or IV in 77% (aortic valve replacement) and 89% (mitral valve replacement) preoperatively. A 19-mm valve was implanted in 15.5% of aortic valve replacement patients. Coronary bypass was required in 31% of aortic valve replacements and 20% of mitral valve replacements. Operative mortality was 17/478 (3.6%) in aortic valve replacement and 19/359 (5.3%) in mitral valve replacement, and multivariable predictors were 19-mm valve size, 3 or more coronary bypass grafts, and New York Heart Association class IV for aortic valve replacement and New York Heart Association class IV and age for mitral valve replacement. Actuarial survivorship at 10 and 20 years was 57% ± 3% and 26% ± 5% for aortic valve replacement and 61% ± 3% and 39% ± 4% for mitral valve replacement. Multivariable predictors of late death were African-American ethnicity, New York Heart Association class III or IV, coronary bypass, and age for aortic valve replacement and New York Heart Association class III or IV, coronary bypass, and age for mitral valve replacement. For aortic valve replacement, effective orifice area was univariately ( P = .002) but not multivariately ( P = .378) predictive of late death. Structural valve deterioration was not observed. For aortic valve replacement, actuarial freedom (at 10 and 20 years) from reoperation was 93% ± 1% and 90% ± 2%; thromboembolism, 82% ± 3% and 68% ± 8%; bleeding events, 77% ± 3% and 66% ± 6%; prosthetic valve endocarditis, 94% ± 1% and 94% ± 1%; valve-related mortality, 94% ± 2% and 86% ± 4%; and valve-related mortality or morbidity, 58% ± 3% and 32% ± 8%. For mitral valve replacement, actuarial freedom (at 10 and 20 years) from reoperation was 96% ± 1% and 90% ± 3%; thromboembolism, 77% ± 3% and 59% ± 7%; bleeding events, 86% ± 2% and 65% ± 8%; prosthetic valve endocarditis, 98% ± 1% and 96% ± 2%; valve-related mortality, 89% ± 0.2% and 74% ± 8%; and valve-related mortality or morbidity, 63% ± 3% and 29% ± 7%. Conclusions After 2 decades of observation with close follow-up, the St Jude Medical mechanical valve continues to be a reliable prosthesis.