Twenty-year dynamics of the prevalence of tobacco smoking as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases among women in an open population of a mid-urbanized Siberian city

Abstract

Introduction . Tobacco smoking is one of the main and independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease developing. Despite the fact that the main effects of tobacco use on human health are well known, the annual number of smokers on the planet is still growing. The aim of the study was to study the twenty-year dynamics of the prevalence of tobacco smoking among women aged 25–64 in the open population of a moderately urbanized city of Western Siberia. Material and methods . Within the regional program for monitoring the epidemiological situation in relation to the risk of developing CVD in 1996 and 2016. Two simultaneous epidemiological studies were carried out among persons from the Central Administrative District of Tyumen – a sample of 1000 women aged 25–64 years. The yield was 81.3 % ( n = 813) in 1996, and 70.3 % ( n = 703) in 2010. The prevalence of tobacco smoking was determined using a questionnaire developed in the former USSR by the Institute of Preventive Cardiology of the Academy of Medical Sciences (now FSBI «NIMTs TPM» of the Ministry of Health of Russia) as part of the implementation of the Cooperative Study on Multifactorial Prevention of cardiac ischemia. Results and its discussion . According to the results of 20-year monitoring among women aged 25–64 years of the open population of a medium-urbanized city of Western Siberia, an increase in the prevalence of tobacco smoking was established (23.1 % – 31.2 %, p = 0.0036). The highest prevalence of tobacco smoking was found in women in the third decade of life, a significant increase in the indicator during the 20-year monitoring of the open population - in the fourth to sixth decades of life. The established patterns in the dynamics of the increase in the prevalence of tobacco smoking among women aged 25–64 years in the open population of a mediumurbanized city of Western Siberia were determined by an increase in the proportion of women who smoke irregularly (11.4 % – 20.1 %, p = 0.0000) and who started smoking (27.7 % – 37.6 %, p = 0,0000). 20-year monitoring of the open population of a medium-urbanized city of Western Siberia showed some positive trends in the decrease in regular tobacco smoking among women in the third decade of life (25.1 % – 13.5 %, p = 0.0187). Conclusion . Thus, in the open population of a moderately urbanized city of Western Siberia over the period of 20-year monitoring among women aged 25–64 years, a negative epidemiological situation was established in terms of the dynamics of the prevalence of tobacco smoking due to the growth of irregular tobacco smoking and those who started smoking. Positive trends in the Tyumen population are determined by a decrease in the prevalence of regular tobacco smoking in one age group of 25–34 years.