Abstract
For using aquatic by-products to manufacture high-value products, Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) roes were degreased, pretreated with microwave, and hydrolyzed using five proteases. The protein hydrolysate (TRPH) generated using Flavourzyme displayed the strongest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Twelve antioxidative peptides were prepared from TRPH by ultrafiltration and chromatography methods and determined to be SGE, VDTR, AEM, QDHKA, TVM, QEAE, YEA, VEP, AEHNH, QEP, QAEP, and YVM with molecular weights of 291.24, 489.50, 349.41, 597.59, 349.44, 475.42, 381.36, 343.37, 606.58, 372.35, 443.42, and 411.49 Da, respectively. AEM, QDHKA, YEA, AEHNH, and YVM presented the strongest scavenging activity on DPPH radical (EC50 values of 0.250±0.035, 0.279±0.017, 0.233±0.012, 0.334±0.011, and 0.288±0.015 mg/ml, respectively), hydroxyl radical (EC50 values of 0.456±0.015, 0.536±0.021, 0.476 ± 0.051, 0.369 ± 0.052, and 0.413 ± 0.019 mg/ml, respectively), and superoxide anion free radical (EC50 values of 0.348 ± 0.018, 0.281 ± 0.013, 0.305 ± 0.022, 0.198 ± 0.011, and 0.425 ± 0.021 mg/ml, respectively). Moreover, AEM, QDHKA, YEA, AEHNH, and YVM presented high lipid peroxidation inhibition ability, Ferric-reducing power, and significant protective function on H2O2-induced Chang liver cells. Therefore, AEM, QDHKA, YEA, AEHNH, and YVM could be natural antioxidant ingredients used in pharmaceutical and functional products.
Highlights
Tuna and tuna-like species, such as bonito, Thunnus albacores, T. alalunga, and Katsuwonus pelamis, are favored for their desirable and unique taste, high edible safety, and excellent nutritive value on human health, derived from their rich and high-quality nutrients, such as proteins, unsaturated fatty acid, essential amino acids, and vitamins [1,2,3]
At 10.0 mg/ml, DPPH scavenging activity of protein hydrolysate produced using Flavourzyme was 43.65 ± 1.27%, which was prominently stronger than the was A2B2C2, which was to say, the optimum parameters of Flavourzyme were solid–liquid ratio 1:10, hydrolysis time 7 h, and pH 7.5
Under the optimal enzymolysis level, DPPH scavenging activity of ethanol-soluble protein hydrolysate of Sphyrna lewini muscle could reach 21.76 ± 0.42% at concentration of 10 mg/ml, which was significantly higher than other combination of enzymatic hydrolysis conditions [43]
Summary
Tuna and tuna-like species, such as bonito, Thunnus albacores, T. alalunga, and Katsuwonus pelamis, are favored for their desirable and unique taste, high edible safety, and excellent nutritive value on human health, derived from their rich and high-quality nutrients, such as proteins, unsaturated fatty acid, essential amino acids, and vitamins [1,2,3]. Considering the unusually high quantity of tuna by-products, just like as their environmental effects induced by random disposal and elimination, the large-scale preparation of nutritional ingredients from these by-products is giving rise to sustained concerns [3, 9]. These by-products are tried for the development of fish bait, fish oilenriched DHA, fertilizer, and pet food and feed according to their different nutrient compositions [3, 10]. These applications still do not achieve high-value utilization of tuna resources, and it is urgent to make rational and effective use of these by-products [10, 11]
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