Abstract
The terahertz range possesses significant untapped potential for applications including high-volume wireless communications, noninvasive medical imaging, sensing, and safe security screening. However, due to the unique characteristics and constraints of terahertz waves, the vast majority of these applications are entirely dependent upon the availability of beam control techniques. Thus, the development of advanced terahertz-range beam control techniques yields a range of useful and unparalleled applications. This article provides an overview and tutorial on terahertz beam control. The underlying principles of wavefront engineering include array antenna theory and diffraction optics, which are drawn from the neighboring microwave and optical regimes, respectively. As both principles are applicable across the electromagnetic spectrum, they are reconciled in this overview. This provides a useful foundation for investigations into beam control in the terahertz range, which lies between microwaves and infrared light. Thereafter, noteworthy experimental demonstrations of beam control in the terahertz range are discussed, and these include geometric optics, phased array devices, leaky-wave antennas, reflectarrays, and transmitarrays. These techniques are compared and contrasted for their suitability in applications of terahertz waves.
Highlights
The terahertz range is generally defined as the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that lies between 100 GHz and 10 THz
It is situated above the microwave range, and below the optical regime, and the development of terahertz technologies draws upon techniques and knowledge from both domains
In the process of feeding, the frequency of the reference signal was split into quadrature signals, which could be added with particular weights at the terahertz source in order to achieve specific values of output phase
Summary
The terahertz range is generally defined as the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that lies between 100 GHz and 10 THz. If combined with a mechanically scanned detector array, beam-focusing can be integral to terahertz-range light-field imaging systems, which provide directional information about incoming rays, and make it possible to re-focus an image post-capture.[41] Lastly, dynamic beam scanning capabilities could potentially enable shortrange terahertz radar,[42] where the short wavelength makes it possible to register fine details This has potential for sensing applications including collision-avoidance and flight support for small autonomous aircraft and human gesture recognition in wearable devices. The phase that is acquired as the wave propagates is a negative number
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