Abstract
The Iraqi government and people are not fully aware of the importance of renewable energy, so developing renewable energy technology in the region is primarily and a result of individual’s initiatives and non-governmental organizations instead of official policy. The fossil fuel is not limitless though in the next hundred years will be vanished, the only continuous resource is the solar energy as a solution to hinder the CO2 emission from various sources of fossil and biofuel. The solar energy requires an immediate attention due to the climatic change that affects the global warming. Iraq is a region rich in solar energy, where the sun’s brightness increases more than 3300 hours a year. The solar radiation falling in the desert areas of Iraq, which now accounts for more than 60% of the country’s area. 437072 km2 is equal to hundreds of thousands of times the total energy generated in this country. This is given Iraq a hand to stay as an energy supplier in the future as well as the present supplier of energy in the form of fossil fuel. Iraq consists of 18 provinces, three of which are in the northern province of the Kurdistan region and each province has the powers of semi-independent and special budget allocated by the central government where the provincial councils can invest part of this budget in the establishment of solar power stations, especially the provinces that suffer from lack of energy through the exploitation of other areas (deserts) to create such stations. the middle and south of Iraq have an averaged from16 to 10 MJ/m2/day for 5 months in the north, 6 months in the middle and southern region, respectively. But in western desert of Al-Anbar district almost have 8 month of sun shine duration while the lowest is over 4 MJ/m2/day. This energy is quite sufficient to drive all thermal photovoltaics (PV), Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC) plant and all houses hold facilities of heating, cooling and water distillation along the year.
Highlights
Since 1980 until today, Iraq has been in a continuous war and has destroyed all the infrastructure
Solar energy is an environmentally friendly energy: it is clean and sustainable and helps to protect its environment and reduce the damage caused by the production of electricity from fossil fuels
The use of solar energy will certainly reduce air pollution, as it will reduce the emissions of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and partially burned hydrocarbons and reduce the emission of the first greenhouse gas in the atmosphere
Summary
Since 1980 until today, Iraq has been in a continuous war and has destroyed all the infrastructure. In 1991, the first Gulf War sparked when the US-British-French coalition launched the worst campaign in human history to destroy all infrastructures This brutal aggression targeted all the country's power plants indiscriminately and caused over 95% destruction at all stations. After this war and the destruction of this country, the United States and its allies from the coalition countries imposed resolutions through the United Nations the blockade of Iraq and expose its citizens of starvation and causing severe shortages of food and medicine and continued this siege until the invasion of Iraq in 2003 and occupation by the aggressor countries headed by United State All these unjust acts of aggression have destroyed the infrastructure of Iraq's power plants. The Iraqi government should invest in renewable energies by means of the large revenues from oil sales and the exploitation of the great desert lands, which is considered one of the best places in the world in terms of the number of hours of sunrise and estimated about 3300 hours during the year as well as the amount of radiation on it
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