Abstract
The selection of heterotic F1 hybrid varieties is a key agronomic strategy for improving crop yields, quality, and disease resistance (Bohra et al., 2016). Large-scale, low-cost hybrid seed production involves generating large populations of female plants, otherwise known as male sterile. Different techniques implying environmentally conditioned nuclear male sterility or mitochondria-driven cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) have been used to this end, each with their own advantages and disadvantages (Kim and Zhang, 2018).
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