Abstract
As common bisphosphonates drugs, pamidronate disodium and zoledronic acid have been widely investigated for bone metastases. In this paper, a new “turn-off” model based on carbon dots (CDs) from black tea was established to analyze the two kinds of bisphosphonate drugs, pamidronate disodium and zoledronic acid. Through the new sensor, both of drugs can be quantitative, respectively, with the limit of detection of 5 × 10−9 mol·L−1 and 6 × 10−9 mol·L−1. In addition, the fluorescence of newly prepared CDs can be quenched by two drugs with various degrees via photoinduced electron transfer, which can be perfectly used to distinguish them. Most importantly, this turn-off method has been employed to analyze the two drugs under the influence of foreign interference factors. This method provides a new view and guidance for the rapid analysis and recognition of drugs for bone metastases in vitro and in vivo.
Highlights
Due to their excellent photo stability, high luminous intensity, wide range of excitation spectrum, and narrow emission spectrum, carbon dots (CDs) have been applied as fluorescent sensor in many fields, such as biochemistry, food science, and medical analysis [1,2,3,4,5]
Many reports of fluorescence detecting mode “turn-off” based on CDs have already been reported, such as the turn-off fluorescent sensor based on nitrogen-doped carbon dots applied to detect Hg2+ ions by Zhang and Chen [9] and the turn-off fluorescence sensor for the detection of ferric ion in water using green synthesized N-doped carbon dots [10]
As shown in Scheme 1, compared with the imidazolyl group contained in zoledronic acid, the amino group contained in pamidronate disodium has the smaller space obstruction and a better a nity to the polycarboxyl group modi ed on the surface of the CDs, leading to much stronger quenching phenomenon to the uorescence via photoinduced electron transfer and exhibiting excellent selectivity in detecting the two drugs with similar structures
Summary
Due to their excellent photo stability, high luminous intensity, wide range of excitation spectrum, and narrow emission spectrum, carbon dots (CDs) have been applied as fluorescent sensor in many fields, such as biochemistry, food science, and medical analysis [1,2,3,4,5]. As two representative drugs among the bisphosphonates, pamidronate disodium and zoledronic acid have been studied by more and more researchers [13, 14]. Despite their frequent use, the rapid analytical method of them whether in vitro or in vivo has largely remained very few, and the traditional chromatographic methods were mostly time consuming and expensive and, what’s more, have complicated pretreatments [15,16,17]. A new turn-off sensor based on carbon dots from black tea was established to quantitatively characterize the two kinds of bisphosphonate drugs, pamidronate disodium and zoledronic acid. The uorescent sensor has been successfully used for the distinction of the two bisphosphonate drugs. is method illustrates its promising opportunities in the studies of other drugs in vivo or in vitro using the uorescent sensor based on CDs
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