Abstract
Objective: Inflammation can be induced by microbiological, chemical, physical factors and plays roles in inflammatory diseases. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) has been widely used to provide a diverse array of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, also antioxidant. The Turmeric extract (TE) anti-inflammatory potential was conducted using a Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cell line by inhibiting inflammatory mediators especially IL-6, PGE-2, IL-1β, COX-2, TNF-α, iNOS, also NO level.
 Methods: The TE safe concentration in LPS-induced macrophage cell line was measured using MTS assay for further assay. The inflammatory markers (IL-6, PGE-2, COX-2, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, NO) were measured using ELISA assay and NO by the nitrate/nitrite colorimetric assay in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell line. LPS induced inflammatory marker by increasing inflammatory marker (IL-6, PGE-2, COX-2, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, NO).
 Results: TE with 100 to 25 µg/ml, caused a significant reduction of cells viability, reaching only 30.27 % live cells. TE with lower concentrations (7.5; 5; 2.5 µg/ml) had no cytotoxic effect on macrophage cells (viability 117.31-131.08 %). LPS induction caused an increase in inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, PGE-2, IL-6, COX-2, TNF-α as well as iNOS and NO. Turmeric extract caused the reduction of the inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner.
 Conclusion: The research resulted that TE has anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing IL-6, PGE-2, COX-2, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, and NO level on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.
Highlights
Inflammation is the host natural defence against pathogen infections, which can be induced by microbiological, chemical, physical factors [1,2,3]
We focused on the turmeric extract (TE) potential anti-inflammatory activity by modulating the pro-inflammatory molecules production (TNF-α, PGE-2, IL-1β, iNOS, IL-6, COX-2, and nitric oxide (NO))
Cells that used in this study was cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), ABAM, fetal bovine serum (FBS), Gentamicin, and Nanomycopulitine incubated at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2
Summary
Inflammation is the host natural defence against pathogen infections, which can be induced by microbiological, chemical, physical factors [1,2,3]. Inflammation involves several events such as changes in blood flows and vascular permeability, activation and migrations of leukocytes, and synthesis of local inflammatory mediators. The inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1β, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nitric oxide (NO) has been observed as the primary response to inflammation [4, 5]. Prolonged exposure to these inflammatory mediators may induce acute and/or chronic inflammatory responses in the organs such as heart, lung, brain, and reproductive systems and potentially leading to tissues damage [4, 6, 7]. Curcumin has been stated as major biologically active components having anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, lowering cholesterol [13]
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