Abstract
The Khalidi branch of the Nakhsbandi has been the most politically engaged of the brotherhoods, whose debut in national politics was led by Sheikh Mehmed Zahid Kotku (1897–1980) who preached that it was the duty of observant Muslims to take an active interest in national affairs. The first prominent Islamist party in Republican Turkey, the National Order Party (Milli Nizam Partisi, MNP) (1970–71), and the National Salvation Party (Milli Selamet Partisi, MSP) (1972–81) were established through his promotion and support and he had supervised their activities. Erbakan’s Islamist movement is known as Milli Gorus (National View or Outlook) that embraced a set of aspiring yet ambiguous references to the Ottoman past, and directed criticism against “cosmopolitanism” as opposed to the “national”.
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