Abstract
In this study, turbulent flows and the associated mixing characteristics are numerically investigated for noncircular jets. The selected nozzle shapes are round, square, and equilateral triangular, and a passive scalar is adopted to quantify the flow mixing. To achieve a constant mass flow rate, the same cross-sectional area is maintained, and the Reynolds stress model (RSM) is applied to show the turbulence-driven secondary flows. For Re = 21,000, the flow fields of noncircular jets are compared to those of the round jet. After 5 < x/De < 10, the half-widths of the round, square, and triangular jets increase linearly. This self-similar structure of the jet flow is rapidly developed for the noncircular jets. Compared to that for the round jet, the spreading rate for square jet increases by 20% and 27% for the triangular jet. From the mixedness values, the mixing is estimated to be enhanced by 16.7% for the square jet and 22.9% for the triangular jet. To elucidate the flow characteristics related to this feature, the scatter plots and streamlines of the secondary flows, vorticity transport equation, and anisotropy-invariant map are discussed. From the results, a balanced relationship between the entrained flow of ambient fluid and the outward spreading flow is observed, and the related turbulence structure is confirmed.
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