Turbulence decay in a supersonic boundary layer subjected to a transverse sonic jet

Abstract

The turbulence state in a supersonic boundary layer subjected to a transverse sonic jet is studied by conducting direct numerical simulations. Turbulence statistics for two jet-to-cross-flow momentum flux ratios $(J)$ of 2.3 and 5.5 based on the previous simulation (Sun & Hu, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 850, 2018, pp. 551–583) are given and compared with a flat-plate boundary layer without a jet $(J=0.0)$. The instantaneous and time-averaged flow features around the transverse jet in the supersonic boundary layer are analysed. It is found that, in the near-wall region, turbulence is suppressed significantly with increasing $J$ in the lateral boundary layer around the jet and the turbulence decay is retained in the downstream recovery region. The local boundary-layer thickness decreases noticeably in the lateral downstream of the jet. Analysis of the cross-flow streamlines reveals a double-expansion character in the vicinity of the jet, which involves the reattachment expansion related to the flow over the jet windward separation bubble and the jet lateral expansion related to the flow around the jet barrel shock. The double expansion leads to the turbulence decay in the jet lateral boundary layer and causes a slow recovery of the outer layer in the far-field boundary layer. A preliminary experiment based on the nanoparticle laser scattering technique is conducted and confirms the existence of the turbulence decay phenomenon.