Abstract
A field study was conducted to determine the effects of a channel transition on turbulence characteristics. Detailed three-dimensional (3D) flow measurements were collected at a cross section that is located downstream of a gradual channel expansion. These measurements were obtained via an acoustic doppler velocimeter and include the 3D velocity field, the mean local velocities, the turbulent intensities, the frictional characteristics of the flow, the secondary velocity along the transverse plane, and the instantaneous shear stress components in the streamwise and transverse directions. Analysis of the 3D flow data indicates that the turbulent flow on the outer bank of the channel is anisotropic. Such anisotropy of turbulence, which is attributed to the gradual expansion in the channel and bed roughness, yields the development of a secondary flow of Prandtl’s second kind as reported in 1952. In particular, it was found that turbulent intensities in the vertical and transverse directions on the outer bank...
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